What are PM2.5 and PM10?
PM2.5 and PM10 are types of particulate matter, which are tiny pieces of solid or liquid that are suspended in the air. Particulate matter can come from a variety of sources, including car exhaust, industrial emissions, power plants, wildfires, and even windblown dust.
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometres, or microns, or less in diameter, while PM10 refers to particulate matter that is 10 micrometres or less in diameter. For reference, a human hair is about 70 micrometres in diameter!
Why are PM2.5 and PM10 Important?
Particulate matter of all sizes can be detrimental to human health, but PM2.5 is of particular concern because of its small size. Because PM2.5 is so tiny, it can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, causing serious respiratory and cardiovascular problems. Exposure to high levels of particulate matter has been linked to premature death, heart attacks, strokes, lung cancer, and other health problems.
PM2.5
There are many sources of PM2.5 pollutants indoors, including burning candles, cooking on gas stoves, smoking cigarettes, and using wood-burning fireplaces. These activities release particles into the air that can be inhaled, and over time they can build up to unhealthy levels. Additionally, house dust and cleaning chemicals can also contribute to indoor pollution. To reduce your exposure to PM2.5 pollution, it is important to choose cleaning products that are low-emitting, and to ventilate your home regularly. You can also use an air purifier to remove particles from the air. By taking these steps, you can help improve the air quality in your home and protect your health.
PM10
A large amount of the PM2.5 pollution and a sizable portion of the PM10 pollution found in outdoor air are produced by emissions from the combustion of gasoline, oil, diesel fuel, or wood. PM10 also includes dust from industrial sources, wind-blown dust from open lands, pollen, and bacterium pieces. It also includes dust from wildfires, landfills, and farmland.
In the UK, there are national standards for PM exposure indoors. You can learn more here: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/air-quality-statistics/concentrations-of-particulate-matter-pm10-and-pm25.
How Can I Protect Myself from PM2.5 and PM10?
If you live in an area with high levels of particulate matter in the air, there are some steps you can take to protect yourself and your family:
- Check local air quality reports and limit time spent outdoors on days when pollution levels are high;
- Stay indoors as much as possible on days when pollution levels are high;
- Use an air purifier indoors;
- Keep windows closed on days when pollutant levels are high;
- And avoid using wood-burning stoves or fireplaces on days when pollutant levels are high;
- Monitor air quality using an automated indoor air quality system that can alert you to high levels is pollutants;
- Ensure that air filtration systems are operating correctly and are maintained well to avoid potential health concerns.
Summary
PM2.5 and PM10 are two types of particulate matter that can have harmful effects on human health if inhaled. Taking steps to avoid exposure to these pollutants can help protect your respiratory and cardiovascular health. For more information on how you can protect yourself from exposure to particulate matter, check out our blog post on air pollution!